Retrospective Study on the Incidence of Tuberculosis Cases in Pakistan

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious infection or disease that directly affects the lungs. Pakistan stands 5^th ranks amongst the high burden countries in the world. This study addresses the relationships between different tuberculosis cases in the province of Pakistan. The study is used to find which province reported high tuberculosis cases like (bacteriologically confirmed, clinically diagnosed, extra pulmonary and retreated tuberculosis). The main objective of this study is to know which tuberculosis case has significant effect among the provinces. For this purpose, we find the mean difference among the province of Pakistan with concern to tuberculosis cases in this study. The secondary data is used in this study. Further we find the correlation between tuberculosis cases and then used factor analysis. The dataset is taken by the website of the national TB data and Pakistan bureau of statistics. The dataset includes four different cases of tuberculosis (bacteriologically confirmed, clinically diagnosed, extra pulmonary and retreated tuberculosis) in provinces of Pakistan during the period of 2019. For achieving the objectives of the study, different techniques are used such as graphical representation, descriptive statistics, two-way ANOVA, LSD Test, correlation matrix, and factor analysis. The study shows highly significant results and concluded that the highest numbers of cases and deaths are reported in Punjab. Correlation matrix shows strong positive correlation between the four cases of tuberculosis. From factor analysis, there is only one factor is extracted that explains 82.872% of the total variation and all the cases have strong correlation with the factor.