Bacterial Morphology and Microscopic Advancements: Navigating from Basics to Breakthroughs

Authors

  • Jahanzeb 1-Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia. 2-Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sir Syed University of Engineering and Technology (SSUET), Karachi, Pakistan
  • Tan Tian Swee 1-Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia. 2-IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre, Institute of Human Centered Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
  • Sameen Malik Department of Bio-Medical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology Lahore-Narowal Campus, Narowal 51600, Punjab, Pakistan.
  • Syafiqah Saidin 1-Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia. 2-IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre, Institute of Human Centered Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
  • Chua Lee Suan Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55627/mic.003.001.0567

Keywords:

microscopy, microscopic techniques, Fesem, Sem, tem

Abstract

Bacterial morphology is critical in determining how these ubiquitous organisms function and behave. This study delved into the intriguing world of bacterial morphologies, offering thorough research regarding microorganisms' variable shapes and structures. It sheds light on the distinct traits and functions associated with their morphologies. Initially, the study highlighted the most common bacterial morphologies, ranging from the traditional rod and cocci to more complex patterns, including spirals, helices, and flat-wave structures. Each morphology revealed the structural traits that separate one from another. Moreover, a particular focus was placed on emerging advancements in the field, from conventional to recent advances in microscopic technologies that provided unique insights into microbial architecture. Furthermore, the review emphasized the importance of bacterial surface appendages, including flagella and pili, influencing microbial behavior and interactions. For instance, the corkscrew-like motion of helical bacteria is investigated in motility, emphasizing its importance in the survival and adaptability of specific species. Furthermore, in the realm of microscopic technologies, various options exist. However, recent literature revealed that scanning electron microscopy (SEM), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) stand out as the most advanced microscopic techniques. Specifically, advancements such as super-resolution microscopy techniques, including structured illumination microscopy (SIM) and stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM), have revolutionized our understanding of pathogenesis and drug delivery. In conclusion, this review strengthens our understanding of bacterial morphologies while emphasizing the importance of taking a more diverse approach to investigating microbial structures. The combination of traditional knowledge and cutting-edge microscopy opens up new possibilities for discovery, promising a better understanding of bacterial shape and its consequences in scientific and medical fields.

Author Biographies

  • Jahanzeb, 1-Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia. 2-Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sir Syed University of Engineering and Technology (SSUET), Karachi, Pakistan

    Jahanzeb Sheikh is a PhD student at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia in Johor Bahru, specializing in disinfection using UV-C LEDs. His research focus is on the development and optimization of disinfection systems using UV-C radiation to prevent the spread of infectious diseases and improvise patient health. He received his MSc degree in Biomedical Engineering from the same university in 2020, where he gained valuable experience in disinfection using UV technology. During his graduate studies, he developed a keen interest in the field of disinfection, which led him to pursue a PhD in the same area. His research interests include healthcare disinfection, antimicrobial agents, and medical device development. His recently published articles on disinfection includes “Bacterial Disinfection and Cell Assessment post UV-C LED Exposure for Wound Treatment” (Journal of Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing) and “Surface Bacterium Disinfection Using Everlight 6565 UV-C SMD” (Journal of Human Centered Technology).

  • Tan Tian Swee, 1-Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia. 2-IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre, Institute of Human Centered Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.

    Tan Tian Swee received both his M.Sc. degree and Doctorate degree back in the year 2004 and 2008, respectively, from the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. His research area encompasses the area of Digital Signal Processing and has published in numerous high impact factor journals, thus establishing his expertise in the domain. He has spearheaded numerous projects and has acquired prestigious grants from various sources, and one of his current notable milestones is the collaboration between UTM and IJN. He is currently working as Associate Professor at the Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, UTM, and also serves as a Director in the Faculty of Biomedical Engineering. His additional portfolio includes being a member of the Medical Device and Technology Group (MediTEG) and Frontier Materials research alliances.

  • Sameen Malik, Department of Bio-Medical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology Lahore-Narowal Campus, Narowal 51600, Punjab, Pakistan.

    Dr Sameen Ahmed Malik is an assistant professor at the department of Biomedical Engineering in University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan. His research focuses on the development of novel healthcare technologies that incorporates ideas from life science and engineering. Areas of special interest include nosocomial infections, antimicrobial activities, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, artificial intelligence and smart healthcare. Dr Sameen received his BEng (Honours) Electrical & Electronics engineering degree from University of South Wales, UK. He earned his MSc and PhD degrees in Biomedical Engineering from University Technology Malaysia, Malaysia. He received various international honours and awards including University of South Wales’s Star Student, University Technology Malaysia’s Best Postgraduate Student award and University Technology Malaysia’s Best Innovation Award.

  • Syafiqah Saidin, 1-Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia. 2-IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre, Institute of Human Centered Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.

    Dr. Syafiqah Binti Saidin, a highly accomplished and respected academic, is a Associate Professor at the School of Biomedical Engineering & Health Sciences at the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Bahru (UTM JB), where she also serves as the Director of the IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre. Her research focuses on cardiovascular engineering and is conducted under the auspices of the Health & Wellness research alliance. Dr. Syafiqah is a member of several professional organizations, including the Graduate Engineer in Malaysia Board of Engineer (BEM), The Institute of Materials, Minerals & Mining (IOM3), American Chemical Society Malaysia section (ACS), IEEE Malaysia section, IEEE-EMBS Medicine & Biology Society, and Institute of Materials Malaysia (IMM). She is also a certified Human Resources and Development Fund (HRDF) trainer with a certification in Good Clinical Practice (GCP) and Higher Education Teaching. With her impressive academic credentials and extensive professional affiliations, Dr. Syafiqah is a leading figure in her field and a highly sought-after expert in the industry.

  • Chua Lee Suan, Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

    Assoc. Prof. Dr. Chua Lee Suan: Dr. Chua Lee Suan, a renowned academic scientist at the Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, UTM. She has been listed among the Top 2% Scientists in their respective field for the year 2019, based on a report by Stanford University. She is currently serving as a faculty member in the Department of Bioprocess and Polymer Engineering, where her research focuses on natural product research, herbal processing, and honey and honeybee research. Dr. Chua's research has been well-received by the scientific community, having h-index of 37, and her publications have been cited extensively by other researchers. She is also actively involved in the editorial process of several leading scientific journals, serving as a reviewer for a variety of scientific journals and as an editorial board member for several journals, including Food Research International and Separation and Purification Technology. Her contributions to the scientific community have been significant and have helped to shape the direction of research in her field.

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Published

2024-06-08

Issue

Vol. 3 No. 01 (2024): Microbiological & Immunological Communications

Section

Review Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2024 Jahanzeb, Tan Tian Swee, Sameen Malik, Syafiqah Saidin, Chua Lee Suan

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

Bacterial Morphology and Microscopic Advancements: Navigating from Basics to Breakthroughs. (2024). Microbiological & Immunological Communications, 3(01), 03-41. https://doi.org/10.55627/mic.003.001.0567